煤矿低浓度瓦斯利用

　　Utilization of low concentration gas in coal mines

　　2025年初，生态环境部会同国家能源局、国家矿山安全监察局正式发布《温室气体自愿减排项目方法学 甲烷体积浓度低于8%的煤矿低浓度瓦斯和风排瓦斯利用》（以下简称方法学）。方法学明确提出，符合条件的甲烷体积浓度低于8%的煤矿低浓度瓦斯和风排瓦斯利用项目可申请CCER。CCER：国家核证自愿减排量（Chinese Certified Emission Reduction, 以下简称为“CCER”），是指对我国境内可再生能源、林业碳汇、甲烷利用等项目的温室气体减排效果进行量化核证，并在国家温室气体自愿减排交易注册登记系统中登记的温室气体减排量。    简单说：可以申请CCER的项目，不仅可以有项目本身的收益，还有项目因为减少温室气体排放，带来额外的环境收益。

　　At the beginning of 2025, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with the National Energy Administration and the National Mining Safety Supervision Bureau, officially released the "Methodology for Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Reduction Projects - Utilization of Low Concentration Methane and Ventilated Methane in Coal Mines with Methane Volume Concentrations Below 8%" (hereinafter referred to as the Methodology). The methodology clearly states that coal mine low concentration gas and exhaust gas utilization projects with methane volume concentration below 8% that meet the conditions can apply for CCER. CCER (Chinese Certified Emission Reduction) refers to the quantitative verification of the greenhouse gas emission reduction effects of renewable energy, forestry carbon sinks, methane utilization and other projects in China, and the registration of greenhouse gas emission reductions in the national greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading registration system. Simply put, applying for CCER projects not only brings benefits to the project itself, but also additional environmental benefits due to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

　　为什么是煤矿  煤矿瓦斯（主要成分“甲烷”）是煤矿开采过程中的煤层伴生气，煤炭甲烷逃逸排放是我国主要的人为甲烷排放源之一。根据我国公布的温室气体清单，2018年，煤炭开采的甲烷排放量为5.3亿吨二氧化碳当量，占全国甲烷排放总量的39.3%、全国温室气体排放总量的4.5%。

　　Why is coal mine gas (mainly composed of "methane") the associated gas of coal seams during coal mining, and coal methane escape emissions are one of the main anthropogenic methane emission sources in China. According to the greenhouse gas inventory released by China, in 2018, the methane emissions from coal mining were 530 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, accounting for 39.3% of the total national methane emissions and 4.5% of the total national greenhouse gas emissions.

　　煤矿瓦斯利用是煤炭开采行业甲烷减排的有效途径，对于提高煤矿安全生产水平，增加清洁能源供应，控制和减少温室气体排放意义重大，有助于实现“双碳”目标。

　　The utilization of coal mine gas is an effective way to reduce methane emissions in the coal mining industry. It is of great significance for improving coal mine safety production level, increasing clean energy supply, controlling and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and helping to achieve the "dual carbon" goal.

　　如何利用  将甲烷体积浓度低于 8%的煤矿低浓度瓦斯和风排瓦斯利用项目是将煤矿瓦斯利用无焰氧化技术进行分解销毁，并利用分解产生的热能发电、供热，避免甲烷直接排放，避免项目所在区域电网的其他并网发电厂（包括可能的新建发电厂）发电产生的温室气体排放，避免既有或拟建的供热设施产生的温室气体排放。

　　How to utilize low concentration coal mine gas with a methane volume concentration of less than 8% and wind exhaust gas utilization project is to decompose and destroy coal mine gas using flameless oxidation technology, and use the thermal energy generated by decomposition to generate electricity and heat, avoiding direct methane emissions and greenhouse gas emissions from other grid connected power plants (including possible new power plants) in the project area, and avoiding greenhouse gas emissions from existing or planned heating facilities.

　　减排原理  通过完全燃烧甲烷，使其转换为二氧化碳和水，从而降低温室气体排放（相同重量的甲烷所产生温室气体效应为二氧化碳的28倍）。基准线场景：煤矿低浓度瓦斯和风排瓦斯直接排空。  项目场景：利用低浓度瓦斯和风排瓦斯，通过无焰氧化装置（RTO/RCO）分解销毁，或分解销毁后产生的热能用于发电。举例：没有项目利用的情况下，排放1吨甲烷，其温室效应约28吨二氧化碳当量。有项目利用情况下，将1吨甲烷通过无焰氧化技术进行回收利用，利用后产生2.8吨二氧化碳和水，其温室效应为2.8吨二氧化碳当量。在有项目情况下大约减少25吨碳减排。

　　The principle of emission reduction is to completely burn methane and convert it into carbon dioxide and water, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions (the greenhouse gas effect produced by the same weight of methane is 28 times that of carbon dioxide). Baseline scenario: Direct discharge of low concentration gas and exhaust gas from coal mines. Project scenario: Utilizing low concentration gas and exhaust gas, decomposing and destroying them through a flameless oxidation device (RTO/RCO), or using the thermal energy generated after decomposition and destruction for power generation. For example, without project utilization, emitting 1 ton of methane has a greenhouse effect of approximately 28 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Under project utilization, 1 ton of methane is recovered and utilized through flameless oxidation technology, resulting in 2.8 tons of carbon dioxide and water, with a greenhouse effect of 2.8 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Reduce carbon emissions by approximately 25 tons under project conditions.

　　项目减排量来源：1、通过RTO蓄热氧化装置高温分解直接排入大气的甲烷，减少甲烷排放。2、可发电替代国家电网中火电发电部分的电量，减少化石能源发电排放。3、可余热回收替代原有燃煤、燃气供热，减少化石能源供热排放。

　　Source of project emission reduction: 1. Reduce methane emissions by decomposing methane directly into the atmosphere through RTO thermal storage oxidation device at high temperature. 2. It can replace the electricity generated by thermal power in the national power grid and reduce emissions from fossil fuel power generation. 3. Waste heat recovery can replace existing coal and gas heating, reducing emissions from fossil energy heating.

　　项目适用条件1、煤矿种类为井工煤矿（不包括废弃或关闭的井工煤矿）。2、从瓦斯抽采泵站抽采输出的低浓度瓦斯的甲烷体积浓度不得超过8%。若体积浓度超过8%，则不影响适用性，但这部分时段抽采的甲烷不计算减排量。3、项目活动收集的低浓度瓦斯和风排瓦斯应通过：（1）无焰氧化装置（RTO/RCO）进行无焰氧化销毁；（2）生产电力、动力、热力方式全部利用或者全部消除，不得排空。4、从瓦斯抽采泵站抽采输出的瓦斯不能掺其他禁止排放的瓦斯。减排收益预估  以年产120万吨的煤矿，风排瓦斯浓度0.3%，风量5300 Nm3/min为例。通过蓄热氧化技术处理风排瓦斯，年销毁瓦斯纯量为8,357,040m3。换算成质量为5599吨甲烷。

　　Project applicable condition 1: The type of coal mine is an underground coal mine (excluding abandoned or closed underground coal mines). 2. The methane volume concentration of low concentration gas extracted from the gas extraction pump station shall not exceed 8%. If the volume concentration exceeds 8%, it does not affect the applicability, but the methane extracted during this period will not be counted as emission reduction. 3. The low concentration gas and exhaust gas collected during project activities should be destroyed by flameless oxidation through: (1) flameless oxidation device (RTO/RCO); (2) The production of electricity, power, and heat shall be fully utilized or completely eliminated, and shall not be emptied. 4. The gas extracted from the gas extraction pump station cannot be mixed with other prohibited gases. The estimated emission reduction benefits are based on a coal mine with an annual output of 1.2 million tons, an exhaust gas concentration of 0.3%, and an air volume of 5300 Nm3/min. By using thermal storage oxidation technology to treat exhaust gas, the annual net amount of destroyed gas is 8357040m3. Converted to a mass of 5599 tons of methane.

　　收益，项目实施后，每年可以申请CCER约14万吨CCER，项目计入期10年，按自愿碳市场交易价60元/吨计算，可以获得840万元/年的收益，10年总收益8400万元。

　　After the implementation of the project, approximately 140000 tons of CCER can be applied for annually. The project is included in the calculation period of 10 years, and based on the voluntary carbon market trading price of 60 yuan/ton, a profit of 8.4 million yuan/year can be obtained, with a total profit of 84 million yuan over 10 years.

　　成本，建设成本：本风排瓦斯处理项目需投入蓄热氧化装置设备、后期运营维修、用电等，约4000万元。CCER开发：项目开发审定、减排量监测和核证约200万。总成本约4200万。

　　Cost, construction cost: This air exhaust gas treatment project requires investment in thermal storage oxidation equipment, later operation and maintenance, electricity, etc., totaling approximately 40 million yuan. CCER development: Approximately 2 million yuan for project development approval, emission reduction monitoring, and verification. The total cost is approximately 42 million.

　　项目总利润约4200万。

　　The total profit of the project is about 42 million yuan.

　　合作模式模式一：技术服务。设备由煤矿业主购买，我方提供技术支持，收取服务费。

　　Collaboration Mode One: Technical Services. The equipment is purchased by the coal mine owner, and we provide technical support and charge a service fee.

　　模式二：联合开发。通过CCER项目合作，煤矿业主无需投入资金，由我方投资建设蓄热氧化设备，产生蒸汽、热水或电力，以市场价格销售给煤矿业主。开发CCER项目销售碳资产获得收益，双方按约定比例进行收益分配，项目计入期10年。

　　Mode 2: Joint development. Through the CCER project cooperation, coal mine owners do not need to invest funds. We will invest in the construction of thermal storage oxidation equipment to generate steam, hot water, or electricity, which will be sold to coal mine owners at market prices. The CCER project is developed to sell carbon assets and generate profits. Both parties will distribute the profits according to the agreed proportion, and the project will be recorded for a period of 10 years.

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